http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/06 ... 204907.txt

Study shows Mexican migrants have high rates of HIV

By: LAURA WIDES - Associated Press
une 13, 2005

LOS ANGELES ---- Mexican migrants are infected with HIV at a higher rate than the general population in California and Mexico, according to two studies released Monday.

The findings marked a significant change from past research that found migrants engaged in high risk behavior but were unlikely to contract the disease.

A study of Mexican migrants in California found that 0.6 percent were infected with HIV. That compares to numbers released Monday by the CDC, which put the prevalence rate as of 2003 at around 0.4 percent in the general U.S. population.

A separate study of migrants in their home states in Mexico found the rate of infection was even higher, at 1.1 percent, compared to 0.3 percent among the general Mexican population.

"The data raise concerns that the HIV epidemic may be expanding in Mexico and in California," said George Lemp, director of the University of California's Universitywide AIDS Research Program.

Lemp coordinated the California study, which was presented Monday at the 2005 National HIV Prevention Conference in Atlanta.

"For a number of years, we saw risk behaviors but little HIV," Lemp said. "But as the virus trickles in or spreads into the community, the same risk behaviors can spread the virus around, and the disease can reach a threshold and then take off."

The studies were jointly coordinated by the UC program and the Mexican government's Mexican National HIV/AIDS Center. They are part of a larger effort between Mexico and California to stop the spread of AIDS and other diseases on both sides of the border.

Lemp said the difference in the Mexico and California rates were within an acceptable statistical margin of error. He said more research is needed to determine if there is actually a difference, and if so what its cause might be.

The California study surveyed a random sample of 791 adult migrants in Fresno and San Diego counties, where they frequently seek construction work and jobs picking tomatoes, strawberries and other produce.

Five people tested HIV positive. All but one acknowledged having sex with other men. The study, which is ongoing, also found high rates of the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia.

The Mexican study did not seek to survey the same individuals but looked instead at migrants who had returned to rural communities in five Mexican states. The study included roughly 1,500 adult migrants from the Federal District of Mexico, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Michoacan and Zacatecas. The study also sampled nonmigrants in the communities but those results have yet to be released.

Lemp said he believes migrants acquire HIV in California, but the infection may spread faster in Mexico due to limited health care and cultural taboos against discussion of sexually transmitted diseases. He also stressed male migrants who have sex with men may not consider themselves gay and may have wives or girlfriends back home.

Dr. Carlos Magis Rodriguez, head of the Mexican HIV center, said he believes HIV prevention programs may be more important in the United States, where mostly male migrants are often isolated with little money or emotional support and may engage in riskier behaviors than in Mexico.

"Migrants are particularly vulnerable to situations or conditions in the U.S. that may lead to HIV infection," he said. "However they also seem to be receptive to prevention services while in the U.S."

On the Net:

Universitywide AIDS Research Program: http://uarp.ucop.edu/