To create an overall comparison of whether punitive or integrative policies are more common, we have divided states into six categories as outlined in Table 1 based on the kinds of policies that have been enacted in recent years (again see Appendix A for more details on each state):

· Inactive policies on the subject of immigration, with only minor positive or negative legislation enacted in the state;

· Integrative policies with broad support for new immigrants, including in-state tuition, policies for English language instruction, strong wage enforcement, and providing preventive health care for new immigrants;

· Somewhat Integrative policies, including a handful of integrative policies and at most minor anti-immigrant legislation;

· Mixed policies that include both some integrative policies and some punitive anti-immigrant policies;

· Somewhat Punitive policies, including selected workplace sanctions or benefit cutoffs or additional state enforcement of federal criminal law, but not passed as part of comprehensive anti-immigrant legislation;

· Punitive policies where anti-immigrant policies are part of a comprehensive policy to criminalize immigrants with little focus on integrating them into our communities.

Table 1 on the next page lists states grouped by these policy categories and includes a column for the state’s population and for the number of undocumented immigrants estimated to be in each state. (The later data comes from the Pew Hispanic Center based on estimates of the undocumented population in their 2005 report, Size and Characterization of the Unauthorized Migrant Population. For the charts, we use the mean population range estimated by Pew on p. 14 of that report).

What is striking is that when you create a pie chart grouping these categories of immigration policies by state population (Chart 1) and by the population of undocumented immigrants (Chart 2), Integrative and Somewhat Integrative policies are far more pervasive policies. Punitive or even Somewhat Punitive policies apply to only a small minority of the population. In fact, a majority of undocumented immigrants live in states with Integrative or Somewhat Integrative policies and only 11% of undocumented immigrants live in states that have enacted comprehensive Punitive policies.





Table 1: Categories of Immigration Policies by States
State
Actions on Immigration Policy
State Population
Estimated Undocumented Immigrants in State
(Pew 2005 estimates)

Alabama
Inactive
4,599,030
27,500

Alaska
Inactive
670,053
5,000

Delaware
Inactive
853,476
27,500

Florida
Inactive
18,089,888
850,000

Kentucky
Inactive
4,206,074
27,500

Montana
Inactive
944,632
5,000

Nevada
Inactive
2,495,529
125,000

New Hampshire
Inactive
1,314,895
5,000

North Dakota
Inactive
635,867
5,000

Ohio
Inactive
11,478,006
125,000

Pennsylvania
Inactive
12,440,621
125,000

South Dakota
Inactive
781,919
5,000

Wisconsin
Inactive
5,556,506
125,000

California
Integrative
36,457,549
2,400,000

Illinois
Integrative
12,831,970
400,000

Maryland
Integrative
5,615,727
225,000

Massachusetts
Integrative
6,437,193
225,000

New Mexico
Integrative
1,954,599
70,000

New York
Integrative
19,306,183
650,000

Washington
Integrative
6,395,798
225,000

Connecticut
Somewhat Integrative
3,504,809
70,000

District of Columbia
Somewhat Integrative
581,530
27,500

Iowa
Somewhat Integrative
2,982,085
70,000

Maine
Somewhat Integrative
1,321,574
5,000

Michigan
Somewhat Integrative
10,095,643
125,000

New Jersey Somewhat Integrative 8,724,560
350,000

Oregon
Somewhat Integrative
3,700,758
125,000

Vermont
Somewhat Integrative
623,908
5,000

Hawaii
Somewhat Integrative
1,285,498
27,500

Texas
Somewhat Integrative
23,507,783
1,400,000

Colorado
Mixed
4,753,377
225,000

Indiana Mixed 6,313,520
70,000

Kansas
Mixed
2,764,075
70,000

Minnesota
Mixed
5,167,101
70,000

Nebraska
Mixed
1,768,331
27,500

North Carolina
Mixed
8,856,505
300,000

Virginia
Mixed
7,642,884
225,000

Arkansas
Somewhat Punitive
2,810,872
27,500

Idaho
Somewhat Punitive
1,466,465
27,500

Louisiana
Somewhat Punitive
4,287,768
27,500

Rhode Island
Somewhat Punitive
1,067,610
27,500

West Virginia
Somewhat Punitive
1,818,470
5,000

Wyoming
Somewhat Punitive
515,004
5,000

Arizona
Punitive
6,166,318
500,000

Georgia
Punitive
9,363,941
225,000

Mississippi
Punitive
2,910,540
27,500

Missouri
Punitive
5,842,713
70,000

Oklahoma
Punitive
3,579,212
70,000

South Carolina
Punitive
4,321,249
27,500

Tennessee
Punitive
6,038,803
125,000

Utah
Punitive
2,550,063
70,000

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