Thread: VERY TELLING!!!!!!! Cost analysis from MN

Hello All, This might be old news, but, it is an eye opener from MN
Report to Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty
The Impact of Illegal
Immigration on Minnesota
Costs and Population Trends
Prepared By
The Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management
Minnesota Department of AdministrationഊDecember 8, 2005
The Honorable Tim Pawlenty
Governor
130 State Capitol
75 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd.
St. Paul, MN 55155
Dear Governor Pawlenty:
Today, I submit to you a report prepared by the Office of Strategic
Planning and Results Management entitled “The Impact of Illegal
Immigration on Minnesota.” This report compiles a wide range of current
information on the costs and population trends related to illegal
immigration.
Please note that this topic is a subject of great interest to a number of
organizations, who continue to study the topic. We will monitor these
studies and report to you on an ongoing basis on the challenges and
opportunities that derive from illegal immigration in Minnesota.
Sincerely,
Dana B. Badgerow
Commissioner
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 2 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊPREFACE
The focus of this report is costs and population trends
related to illegal immigration. This report does not consider
any of the benefits illegal immigrants provide in areas such
as labor or tax revenue. More information will be
forthcoming on several other topics related to the challenges
and opportunities that illegal immigrants bring to Minnesota.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 3 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊTABLE OF CONTENTS
LETTER TO THE GOVERNOR Page 2
PREFACE Page 3
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page 5
II. INTRODUCTION Page 6
III. HOW MUCH DOES ILLEGAL Page 8
IMMIGRATION COST MINNESOTA?
A. K-12 C osts P age 8
B. Higher Education Costs Page 10
C. Health Care Costs Page 11
D. Public Safety Costs Page 12
E. Housing Costs Page 14
F. Job Loss Page 14
G. Unpaid Taxes Page 15
IV. CONCLUSION Page 17
ENDNOTES Page 18
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 4 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Minnesota’s illegal immigrant population is increasing. According to
recent estimates, there are 80,000 to 85,000 illegal immigrants in
Minnesota.1 The number of illegal immigrants skyrocketed throughout
the 1990s and continues to increase.2 Minnesota’s illegal immigrant
population is greater than at least 20 other states.3
This population poses a substantial challenge to Minnesota. The illegal
immigration challenge includes: (1) a financial strain on state resources,
and (2) societal impacts, such as crime and economic loss.
In Minnesota, illegal immigration has the greatest cost impact on the K-12
education system, where over 17,000 children of illegal immigrants
are educated. In addition, despite the Minnesota legislature’s reforms in
2003 that significantly limited the benefits for illegal immigrants, they
continue to utilize publicly-provided social services.
Another fiscal consideration is the costs associated with crimes illegal
immigrants commit. The costs resulting from apprehension, prosecution
and incarceration are considerable. In addition, there are other costs to
society associated with these criminal acts.
The following chart provides an overview of the state costs:
Program Area Illegal Immigrants’ Cost Impact to
Minnesota
K-12 Public Education $146-$158 million (for FY 2004)4
Public Assistance Health
Care Programs
$17 million (for FY 2005)5
Incarceration $13 million (for FY 2005)6
Total $176-188 million
Offsetting these costs, there are approximately 8,000 illegal immigrants
who file state income taxes to replenish state resources.7 Illegal
immigrants also pay taxes by employer withholdings. Because they do
not file tax returns, these funds are kept by the state and federal
government resulting in “stranded withholdings.” Although some argue
that the value of these withholdings is significant, the exact dollar
amount attributable to illegal immigrants is unknown.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 5 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊIn addition to financial costs to the state, illegal immigration incurs
significant costs to society. These costs come in various forms. In the
area of health care, illegal immigrants – who are largely uninsured –
utilize emergency services and other health care, which increases
uncompensated care costs.8 In the area of public safety, many illegal
immigrants are committing crimes: 1,571 criminal aliens were deported
from the St. Paul Midwest area of operations in FY 2004, and over 500
remain in state prisons.9 In addition, illegal immigrants arguably
displace American workers, which contributes to lost jobs and wages.10
Recently, there has been considerable debate nationally on the issue of
illegal immigration. This report illuminates the changing landscape of
Minnesota’s illegal immigrant population and the costs associated with
this unique population.
__________________________________________________ _____________
II. INTRODUCTION
Illegal immigrants are foreign-born people who are in this country
without the proper authorization. They don’t have a valid visa or other
necessary documentation to be here legally.11 Some of the other terms
used to refer to illegal immigrants include: “undocumented immigrants,”
“undocumented migrants,” “undocumented aliens,” and “illegal aliens.”12
In addition to the term “illegal immigrant,” another term frequently used
is “noncitizen.” A noncitizen is not necessarily an illegal immigrant. A
noncitizen is anyone residing in this country who is not a citizen of the
United States. The term noncitizen refers to various foreign-born people
who are in this country temporarily or permanently, legally or illegally.13
Typically, illegal immigrants are in the country because they have
entered the country in an unauthorized manner, they have overstayed
their nonimmigrant visas, or they have otherwise violated the terms
under which they were admitted to the country.14
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 6 of 21
December 8, 2005
According to estimates by the Pew Hispanic Center, as of March 2004,
there were an estimated 10.3 million unauthorized migrants living in the
United States. The undocumented population has grown rapidly in
recent years. There were 8.4 million unauthorized migrants living in the
United States in April 2000. The average annual growth over this four-year
period was about 485,000 per year. Assuming the growth
continued at the same rate, the Pew Hispanic Center’s estimate forഊMarch 2005 is somewhat less than 11 million for the number of
undocumented residents in the United States.15
According to various estimates, Minnesota’s illegal immigrant population
is significant. In 2004, there were between 80,000 and 85,000 illegal
immigrants in Minnesota.16 This illegal immigrant population level puts
Minnesota higher than at least 20 other states.17
In addition, Minnesota’s illegal immigrant population is increasing. In
2000, there were 60,000 undocumented immigrants in Minnesota, and
in 1990, there were 13,000. 18 So since 1990, the population has
increased 515%, from 13,000 to at least 80,000. The Midwest is
considered a “high-growth” region for undocumented immigrants.19
The growing number of undocumented immigrants in Minnesota can be
viewed as part of a national trend. According to the Pew Hispanic
Center, since the mid-1990s the most rapid growth in the undocumented
immigrant population has taken place in new settlement areas where
previously they had been a relatively small presence. In 1990, about
88% of the undocumented population lived in only six states – California.
New York, Texas, Illinois, Florida and New Jersey. However, by 2004,
only 61% of the undocumented population lived in those six states.20
The following figures further detail this phenomenon.21
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 7 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊ_____________________________________________ ___________________
III. HOW MUCH DOES ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
COST MINNESOTA?
A. K-12 Costs
The Pew Hispanic Center reports that there were about 1.7 million
undocumented migrant children under 18 in the United States in 2004.
Additionally, there were more than three million U.S.-born children of
undocumented parents.22
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 8 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊThe Cost of Illegal Immigrants to Minnesota’s K-12 System
According to data from the Urban Institute, there were 7,050 to 7,520 23
undocumented immigrants (age 5-1 enrolled in Minnesota’s K-12
public school system in the 1999-2000 school year.24 There were also
10,340 to 11,280 25 U.S.-born children (age 5-1 of undocumented
immigrants enrolled in the K-12 public school system in the same school
year.26
Using the state average operating expenditures per average daily
membership (ADM) for the 1999-2000 school year ($7,049) and the
2003-2004 school year ($8,379),27 it is possible to estimate the cost of
undocumented immigrants to Minnesota’s K-12 public education system.
The Cost of Undocumented Children and U.S.-Born Children of Undocumented
Immigrants on Minnesota’s K-12 Public School System
Undocumented
Immigrants
Enrolled in MN K-12
Public Education
in 1999-2000
School Year
U.S.-Born Children
of Undocumented
Immigrants in MN
K-12 Public
Education in 1999-
2000 School Year Total
Cost to MN for
1999-2000 School
Year
$49.7 million to
$53.01 million
$72.89 million to
$79.51 million
$122.58 million to
$132.52 million
Cost to MN for
2003-2004 School
Year 28
$59.07 million to
$63.01 million
$86.64 million to
$94.52 million
$145.71 million to
$157.53 million
Noncitizen Student Enrollment
According to Minnesota House Research, noncitizen students
represented an estimated 2% of the entire K-12 student population in the
2003-2004 school year. Although noncitizen students comprise a
relatively small percent of all students, the numerical rate of their
increase between school years was substantial. For example, between
the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 school years, the number of noncitizen
students enrolled in school increased by an estimated 32.7%, compared
to an overall student enrollment increase of 0.6%. The following table
shows the estimated annual increase in noncitizen K-12 enrollment for
recent years.29
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 9 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊB. Higher Education Costs
The Institute for Higher Education Law and Governance at the University
of Houston Law Center estimated in 2001 that about 25,000
undocumented students attend public U.S. colleges and universities, and
another 50,000 to 75,000 are qualified but do not attend due to financial
reasons.30
According to Urban Institute estimates, there were about 2,500 to 3,000
undocumented immigrants in Minnesota enrolled in a college or
university in 2004. 31 In 2000, approximately 70% of the illegal
immigrants who attended college or graduate school attended public
universities.32
In-State Tuition for Illegal Immigrants
The cost of in-state tuition for illegal immigrants is the subject of debate.
New Mexico recently became the ninth state to offer lower, in-state
college tuition to illegal immigrants. Nine states – California, Illinois,
Kansas, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Washington
– now allow illegal immigrants who reside in the state to attend public
colleges at in-state tuition rates. New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas also
offer scholarships to illegal immigrant students.33
In 2005, nine other states – Arkansas, Connecticut, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oregon, and Rhode Island
– considered similar legislation (commonly referred to as the “Dream
Act”) to grant in-state tuition to illegal immigrants but did not adopt it.34
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 10 of 21
December 8, 2005
Upon review, the fiscal note for Minnesota’s bill indicated there was no
fiscal impact.35 However, cost estimates for other states adopting similarഊlegislation suggests otherwise. A 2003 study by the Center for Urban
Economic Development at the University of Illinois at Chicago estimated
that the annual cost to the state of Illinois of providing in-state tuition to
undocumented Chicago students would be between $3.3 million and
$11.6 million.36
In 2005, at least seven states – Arizona, California, Florida, Kentucky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wyoming – considered legislation to
prohibit illegal immigrants from receiving in-state tuition. Arizona’s bill
passed the legislature, but it was vetoed by the governor.37
Three states – Georgia, New York, and Virginia – considered but did not
pass legislation to bar unauthorized immigrants from enrolling in state
post-secondary institutions.38
C. Health Care Costs
Illegal Immigrants’ Impact on
Minnesota Health Care Assistance Programs
Following legislative changes adopted in 2003 in Minnesota,
undocumented immigrants are not eligible for most public assistance
health care and welfare services, except emergency and pregnancy
services.
Undocumented immigrants cost Minnesota health care assistance
programs about $35.5 million in FY 2005. The state paid approximately
$17.3 million of the $35.5 million in costs.39 The costs include the
following:
•
Minnesota Emergency Medical Assistance, which covers all
emergent services including labor and delivery, cost $16.3 million
in FY 2005 for 1,295 undocumented recipients. The state and
federal government each paid 50% of these costs.40
• Minnesota State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) cost
$15.5 million in FY 2005 for 4,354 undocumented recipients. The
state paid 35% of these costs and the federal government paid 65%
of these costs. SCHIP covers medical costs for pregnant women
without other health insurance through the month of birth.41
• Minnesota Medical Assistance program’s state noncitizen pregnant
women medical fund cost $3.7 million in FY 2005 for 2,548
undocumented recipients. The state paid the entire amount.42
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 11 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊOther Health Care Costs
Illegal immigrants impose significant costs on the U.S. health care
system. Costs to the federal government from uninsured illegal
immigrants totaled $2.2 billion in 2002. 43 Most of the cost is from
federal assistance for uncompensated care at hospitals and does not
include Medicaid costs.
Illegal immigrants have been shown to generate significant
uncompensated care costs, which increase the overall costs of hospital
care. According to a survey by the American Hospital Association (AHA),
hospitals in 24 Southwest border counties in Arizona, California, Texas
and New Mexico reported uncompensated care costs totaling nearly $832
million in 2000. A subsequent report prepared for the U.S.-Mexico
Border Counties Coalition determined that about 25% of those non-reimbursed
costs resulted from emergency medical treatment provided to
undocumented immigrants.44
A report by the Center for Immigration Studies, using 2004 data, found
that 65% of illegal immigrants are uninsured. In contrast, fewer than
13% of U.S. natives and their children are uninsured.45
D. Public Safety Costs
Illegal Immigrant Criminal Deportations
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement deported about 3,300 aliens
in FY 2004 from the St. Paul area of operations. Of those, 1,571 were
criminal aliens. The St. Paul area includes the states of Minnesota, Iowa,
Nebraska, North Dakota South Dakota.46
The following national statistics indicate the types of crimes committed
by those criminal aliens deported.47
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 12 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊCosts of Incarcerating Illegal Immigrants in Minnesota
On the federal level, according to a study by the Center for Immigration
Studies, the costs imposed by illegal immigrants on the federal prison
and court system are significant, totaling $1.6 billion in 2002. Although
persons in illegal households account for about 3.6% of the nation’s total
population, they account for almost 20% of those in federal prison and
others processed by the federal courts.48 The $1.6 billion cost does not
include federal State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP)
payments to the states.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 13 of 21
December 8, 2005
On the state level, the Minnesota Department of Corrections estimates
that it cost approximately $14 million in FY 2005 to incarcerate illegal
immigrants in Minnesota. Accounting for federal SCAAP payments that
reimburse the state for some of these costs, the net total state cost was
approximately $12.8 million in FY 2005. The costs have increased 22.3%
over the FY01-FY05 period. During this period, the number of
incarcerated illegal immigrants increased from 380 in FY 2001 to 501 inഊFY 2005. The 501 offenders constituted 5.9% of the FY 2005 overall
average prison population in the state.49 In addition, Minnesota received
less in federal SCAAP payments in FY 2005 than it did in FY 2001.
The following chart and endnotes detail this information, as well as the
methodology for the Department of Corrections’ estimates.
The Costs of Incarcerating Illegal Immigrants in Minnesota
Fiscal Year Number of
Illegal
Immigrant
Offenders
Incarcerated in
MN
Cost Estimate
for
Incarcerating
Illegal
Immigrants in
MN
Federal SCAAP
Payments to
MN
Net Cost to
State After
Federal SCAAP
Payments
FY01 50 380 $11.96 million $1.524 million $10.436 million
FY02 51 386 $11.26 million $1.835 million $9.425 million
FY03 52 415 $12.2
million
$1.465
million
$10.735 million
FY04 53 N/A N/A $1.782 million N/A
FY05 54 501 $13.97 million $1.205 million $12.765 million
E. Housing Costs
According to Minnesota House Research, it is possible that some illegal
immigrants benefit from state-financed programs like the MHFA Asset
Program and the Housing Trust Fund, which assist landlords in
providing housing to low-income families. However, there is no data
available on this issue since the award goes to landlords and they are not
required to report occupant information.55
F. Job Loss
In 2004, there were about seven million undocumented migrant workers
in the United States, according to estimates by the Pew Hispanic Center.
This represents 5% of U.S. workers.56
In Minnesota, there were approximately 55,000 to 65,000 undocumented
immigrant workers in the state in 2004, according to estimates by the
Urban Institute.57 This represents approximately 2% to 3% of Minnesota
workers.58
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 14 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊA study by the Pew Hispanic Center found that newly arrived Hispanic
immigrants to the country, most of whom are undocumented, took more
than one-third of all new jobs in the United States in 2004. More
specifically, the U.S. economy added 2.5 million new jobs in 2004; nearly
one million of these jobs went to foreign-born Hispanics who have
entered the United States since 2000, 70% of whom didn't have work
permits.59
Although undocumented workers can place stress on the American
workforce system, the McKnight Foundation explains that they also fill a
demand for low-wage labor that's crucial to the American economy.
Undocumented workers may eagerly take low paying jobs that others
don't want. This may be a relief to employers who try to fill these jobs,
but they also carry the risk of a government raid and the deportation of
their workers if they hire undocumented immigrants. In some cases,
employers exploit or take advantage of these workers.60
G. Unpaid Taxes
On the federal level, according to a study by the Center for Immigration
Studies, after all federal taxes were paid (direct and indirect) and all
costs were deducted, illegal immigrant households created a net fiscal
deficit at the federal level of more than $10 billion in 2002. More
specifically, households headed by illegal aliens imposed more than
$26.3 billion in costs on the federal government in 2002 and paid only
$16 billion in taxes, creating a net fiscal deficit of almost $10.4 billion, or
$2,700 per illegal household. On average, the costs that illegal
households imposed on federal funds were less than half that of other
households, but their tax payments were only one-fourth that of other
households.61
The following table further details this information:62
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 15 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊTaxes Paid by Illegal Immigrants in Minnesota
Nine years ago, the IRS created the Individual Tax Identification Number.
It was created to collect taxes from wealthy foreigners with investments
in the United States. The IRS soon realized it could also use the number
to collect taxes from illegal immigrants.63
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 16 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊThe state of Minnesota accepts the special filing numbers to process
state income taxes, and state law requires illegal immigrants to file tax
returns like others do provided they have enough income.64
A study released in 2004 showed that nearly 8,000 Minnesota residents
used the numbers.65 Some illegal immigrants may also use false social
security numbers to pay state income taxes.66 There is also information
indicating that illegal immigrants do pay a significant amount of taxes
through employer withholdings. However, because they do not file
returns, illegal immigrants’ portion of “stranded withholdings” paid to the
state is unknown.
__________________________________________________ ______________
IV. CONCLUSION
Minnesota’s illegal immigrant population is on the rise and so are the
financial and social challenges associated with this increase. This report
summarizes the information available on costs and population trends
attributed to illegal immigrants, on a state and national basis. *
*
To properly address this issue, policy makers need information on the
impact this population has on state resources. This is especially true
when one considers the impact on the state’s K-12 education, health care
and corrections systems. *
*
For the first six months of 2005, state legislatures across the country
considered almost 300 bills on immigrant and refugee policy issues and
passed 47 new laws.67 In contrast, the Minnesota legislature gave very
little consideration to the issue during the 2005 session.*
*
The facts contained in this report are the first step in understanding the
impact of illegal immigration on Minnesota, the challenges we face and
the actions that may be needed to address this growing concern. *
*
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 17 of 21
December 8, 2005ഊ********************************************* ************************************************** **************************************************
1 The Urban Institute estimates that in 2004 there were 80,000 to 85,000
undocumented immigrants in Minnesota. This estimate is based on the Current
Population Survey, March Supplement (2004 and 2003), with Urban Institute
imputation of legal status. In addition, Jeffrey S. Passel of the Pew Hispanic Institute
estimates that for 2004 there were 85,000 undocumented migrants in Minnesota. In
his March 2005 publication, Passel only indicated a range of 55,000 to 85,000
undocumented migrants in Minnesota for 2002-2004. However, Passel recently
clarified in a direct communication that Minnesota’s specific estimate is 85,000.
Passel’s estimate is based on March 2002, 2003, and 2004 Current Population Surveys
(Passel 2005), and includes an allowance for persons omitted from the CPS; it was
based on “synthetic” methods. “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the
Undocumented Population,” Pew Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
2 Id.; “Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United
States: 1990 to 2000,” Office of Policy and Planning, U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service, Jan. 2003.
3 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
4 This amount was calculated using data from the Urban Institute and the Minnesota
Department of Education. For more information, see section III.A.
5 Minnesota Department of Human Services. For more information, see section III.C.
6 Minnesota Department of Corrections. For more information, see section III.D.
7 “Tax time is for everyone, including illegal immigrants,” Minnesota Public Radio, April
10, 2005.
8 “Disease, unwanted import,” The Washington Times, Feb. 13, 2005.
9 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Department of Homeland Security;
Minnesota Department of Corrections. The St. Paul Midwest area includes the states of
Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota South Dakota.
10 “Migrant work force; Demand for undocumented high,” El Paso Times, June 16,
2005.
11 “Noncitizens and Minnesota Law: A Guide for Legislators,” Minnesota House
Research, December 2004.
12 “Undocumented Immigrants: Facts and Figures,” Urban Institute, Jan. 12, 2004.
13 “Noncitizens and Minnesota Law: A Guide for Legislators,” Minnesota House
Research, December 2004.
14 “Noncitizens and Minnesota Law: A Guide for Legislators,” Minnesota House
Research, December 2004.*
15 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
16 The Urban Institute estimates that in 2004 there were 80,000 to 85,000
undocumented immigrants in Minnesota. This estimate is based on the Current
Population Survey, March Supplement (2004 and 2003), with Urban Institute
imputation of legal status. In addition, Jeffrey S. Passel of the Pew Hispanic Institute
estimates that for 2004 there were 85,000 undocumented migrants in Minnesota. In
his March 2005 publication, Passel only indicated a range of 55,000 to 85,000
undocumented migrants in Minnesota for 2002-2004. However, Passel recently
clarified in a direct communication that Minnesota’s specific estimate is 85,000.
Passel’s estimate is based on March 2002, 2003, and 2004 Current Population Surveys
(Passel 2005), and includes an allowance for persons omitted from the CPS; it was
based on “synthetic” methods. “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the
Undocumented Population,” Pew Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 18 of 21
December 8, 2005
17 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.ഊ******************************************** ************************************************** ************************************************** *
18 “Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States:
1990 to 2000,” Office of Policy and Planning, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization
Service, Jan. 2003. The estimates were developed using data on the foreign-born
population from the 2000 Census, INS administrative data, and a new methodology for
estimating annual trends in population growth.
19 “Undocumented Immigrants: Facts and Figures,” Urban Institute, Jan. 12, 2004.
20 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
21 Id.*
22 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
23 This number was calculated using data provided by the Urban Institute. According
to the Urban Institute, in Minnesota there were 7500-8000 undocumented immigrants
(age 5-1 enrolled in all K-12 education in 2000; the Urban Institute bases these
estimates on Census 2000 data, with Urban Institute imputation of legal status. The
Urban Institute also reports that 2000 Census figures show that in Minnesota 94% of
undocumented immigrant children who were enrolled in K-12 education attended
public schools.
24 The Urban Institute reports that the 2000 Census was distributed in spring 2000,
which corresponds to the 1999-2000 school year.
25 This number was calculated using data provided by the Urban Institute. According
to the Urban Institute, in Minnesota there 11,000-12,000 U.S.-born children of
undocumented immigrants (age 5-1 enrolled in all K-12 education in 2000; the Urban
Institute bases these estimates on Census 2000 data, with Urban Institute imputation
of legal status. The Urban Institute also reports that 2000 Census figures show that in
Minnesota 94% of U.S. born children of undocumented immigrants who were enrolled
in K-12 education attended public schools.
26 The Urban Institute reports that the 2000 Census was distributed in spring 2000,
which corresponds to the 1999-2000 school year.
27 The Minnesota Department of Education (MDE). According to MDE, these numbers
represents a statewide average of the PreKindergarten-12 Operating Expenditures of
school districts excluding Capital Expenditures per ADM (Average Daily Membership)
for the 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 school years. Average Daily Membership is the
average number of pupils enrolled in public schools throughout the school year.
PreKindergarten includes those students enrolled in special education programs.
Approximately 95% of the statewide costs per ADM are covered by state and local funds.
28 The cost estimate for the 2003-2004 school year is based on the enrollment estimates
for the 1999-2000 school year. Given the growing number of illegal immigrants in
Minnesota since 2000, the cost estimate for the 2003-2004 school year would, if
anything, underestimate the cost to Minnesota.
29 “Noncitizens and Minnesota Law: A Guide for Legislators,” Minnesota House
Research, December 2004.
30 Michael A. Olivas, Director of the Institute for Higher Education Law and Governance
at the University of Houston Law Center, “A lifetime of America, but ineligible for college
aid,” The Star Tribune, July 9, 2001.
31 The Urban Institute. The estimate is based on the Current Population Survey, March
Supplement (2004 and 2003), with Urban Institute imputation of legal status.
32 The Urban Institute.
33 “Immigrant Policy – News from the States: 2005,” National Conference of State
Legislatures (NCSL), Aug. 11, 2005.
34 Id.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 19 of 21
December 8, 2005
35 Minnesota Department of Finance, Consolidated Fiscal Note – 2005-06 Session, Bill
#: S0627-0, Chief Author Sandra Pappas, Feb. 25, 2005.ഊ******************************************** ************************************************** ************************************************** *
36 “Education for All: Chicago’s Undocumented Immigrants and Their Access to Higher
Education,” Center for Urban Economic Development, University of Illinois at Chicago,
March 2003.
37 “Immigrant Policy – News from the States: 2005,” National Conference of State
Legislatures (NCSL), Aug. 11, 2005.
38 Id.
39 Minnesota Department of Human Services.
40 Id.
41 Id.
42 Id.
43 Steven A. Camarota of the Center for Immigration Studies, “Disease, unwanted
import,” The Washington Times, Feb. 13, 2005.
44 “Disease, unwanted import,” The Washington Times, Feb. 13, 2005.
45 Steven A. Camarota of the Center for Immigration Studies, “Disease, unwanted
import,” The Washington Times, Feb. 13, 2005.
46 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Department of Homeland
Security.
47 Office of Detention and Removal, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE),
Department of Homeland Security.*
48 “The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal Budget,” Center
for Immigration Studies, August 2004.
49 Minnesota Department of Corrections.
50 Minnesota Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections used the
following methodology in calculating these figures: In FY 2001, the names of 380
individuals were submitted to qualify for SCAAP funding for the Minnesota Department
of Corrections. The average length of stay for offenders in Minnesota in FY01 was 18.08
months. Assuming these offenders serve similar sentence lengths as all other
offenders, the request for funding would be for the entire year for each of these
individuals. With a daily per diem of $86.25 in FY01, and 380 offenders, the annual
cost to incarcerate illegal immigrants could be approximately $11.96 million.
51 Minnesota Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections used the
following methodology in calculating these figures: In FY 2002, the names of 386
individuals were submitted to qualify for SCAAP funding for the Minnesota Department
of Corrections. The average length of stay for offenders in Minnesota in FY02 was 18.33
months. Assuming these offenders serve similar sentence lengths as all other
offenders, the request for funding would be for the entire year for each of these
individuals. With a daily per diem of $79.89 in FY02, and 386 offenders, the annual
cost to incarcerate illegal immigrants could be approximately $11.26 million.
52 Minnesota Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections used the
following methodology in calculating these figures: In FY 2003, the names of 415
individuals were submitted to qualify for SCAAP funding for the Minnesota Department
of Corrections. The average length of stay for offenders in Minnesota in FY03 was 18.96
months. Assuming these offenders serve similar sentence lengths as all other
offenders, the request for funding would be for the entire year for each of these
individuals. With a daily per diem of $80.52 in FY03, and 415 offenders, the annual
cost to incarcerate illegal immigrants could be approximately $12.2 million.
53 Minnesota Department of Corrections.
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 20 of 21
December 8, 2005
54 Minnesota Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections used the
following methodology in calculating these figures: In FY 2005, the names of 501
individuals were submitted to qualify for SCAAP funding for the Minnesota Department
of Corrections. The average length of stay for offenders in Minnesota in FY05 was 21.69
months. Assuming these offenders serve similar sentence lengths as all other
offenders, the request for funding would be for the entire year for each of theseഊ******************************************** ************************************************** ************************************************** *
individuals. With a daily per diem of $76.40 in FY05, and 501 offenders, the annual
cost to incarcerate illegal immigrants could be approximately $13.97 million. *
55 Minnesota House Research.
56 “Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population,” Pew
Hispanic Center, March 21, 2005.
57 The Urban Institute. The estimate is based on the Current Population Survey, March
Supplement (2004 and 2003), with Urban Institute imputation of legal status.*
58 The Urban Institute. The Urban Institute reports that Current Population Survey
data from 2002-2004 shows that there were 2.6-2.7 million workers in Minnesota, of
which 2-3% were undocumented immigrants. The Urban Institute defines workers as
employed 18-64 year olds.
59 “Migrant work force; Demand for undocumented high,” El Paso Times, June 16,
2005.
60 “Minnesota: Immigrant Gateway,” The McKnight Foundation, 2005.
61 “The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal Budget,” Center
for Immigration Studies, August 2004.
62 Id.*
63 “Tax time is for everyone, including illegal immigrants,” Minnesota Public Radio, April
10, 2005.
64 Id.
65 Id.
66 “Noncitizens and Minnesota Law: A Guide for Legislators,” Minnesota House
Research, December 2004.*
Office of Strategic Planning & Results Management Page 21 of 21
December 8, 2005
67 “Immigrant Policy – News from the States: 2005,” National Conference of State
Legislatures (NCSL), Aug. 11, 2005.

More
specifically, the U.S. economy added 2.5 million new jobs in 2004; nearly
one million of these jobs went to foreign-born Hispanics who have
entered the United States since 2000, 70% of whom didn't have work
permits

So when the Bush adminstration talks about all the new jobs created, they mean the new jobs for illegal aliens.

Originally Posted by gofer

More
specifically, the U.S. economy added 2.5 million new jobs in 2004; nearly
one million of these jobs went to foreign-born Hispanics who have
entered the United States since 2000, 70% of whom didn't have work
permits

So when the Bush adminstration talks about all the new jobs created, they mean the new jobs for illegal aliens.

Plus the new information technology jobs are meant to go to such nationalities as Indians here on H1-B visas whose bosses routinely lock out American citizens and then say that the solution is "retraining" which is really meant for foreigners... a constant loop that locks out real American citizens.