Thread: Superbug

‘Superbug’ MRSA may be spreading through tainted poultry​

By Lena H. Sun September 21 at 12:05 AM

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria cause a range of illnesses including skin and wound infections, pneumonia and bloodstream infections that can cause sepsis and death. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)

A new form of a dangerous "superbug" may be spreading to humans through contaminated poultry that people handle or eat, according to a study published Wednesday.

Researchers focused on a newly identified strain of the bacterium known as MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, that they found in people in Denmark. Although most individuals who become infected with MRSA don't get it from food, the study suggests that this poultry-associated strain may be more easily transmitted from food to people.

The findings underscore the importance of reducing the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals to boost their growth, the researchers say. The issue is expected to be discussed prominently at an unusual meeting at the United Nations on Wednesday. The high-level summit is focused on the rising threat posed by superbugs, microbes that can't be stopped with drugs. It is only the fourth time that the world’s decision-makers have addressed a health concern at the U.N. General Assembly.

[1 in 3 antibiotics prescribed in U.S. are unnecessary]

MRSA, which is resistant to several antibiotics, is commonly found in locker rooms, hospitals, military barracks and other settings where large numbers of people congregate. The bacteria can cause serious infections, including pneumonia and bloodstream infections that can cause life-threatening sepsis.

Until now, researchers have known that livestock can carry the bacteria, putting farmers, farmworkers, veterinarians and others who work directly with animals at greater risk. MRSA bacteria have also been shown to be present in foods, including pork, beef and dairy, although outbreaks from food contamination have been rare.

"This shows that everyday consumers — the general public — are also potentially at risk," said Lance Price, a member of the research team and director of the Antibiotic Resistance Action Center at George Washington University.

[Scientists find new antibiotic in human nose that may be effective against MRSA]

As part of the study, published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, U.S. and Danish researchers utilized a national, multiyear MRSA database at the Statens Serum Institut in Copenhagen. They identified 10 people in urban areas who had carried or been infected with this new strain. None had worked on farms or had direct exposure to food animals. Regardless, no Danish livestock showed evidence of this particular type of bacteria.

Using genetic analysis to compare the strain found in the 10 study subjects and those found in people, livestock and food products from other European countries, the researchers were able to trace the bacteria to poultry imported from those other countries, including France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.

Samples of the strain in the Danes were virtually identical, a finding that suggests all of the individuals were exposed from a common source, most likely contaminated chicken or turkey.

"Our findings implicate poultry meat as a source for these infections," said Robert Skov, a researcher at the Copenhagen institute.

[Big and deadly: major foodborne outbreaks spike in U.S.]

In the United States and other countries, officials monitor the food supply for intestinal bacteria, such as E. coli,salmonella and campylobacter. But staph bacteria, including MRSA, are not included.

Although food is still a relatively minor source of MRSA transmission, Price said the research shows the superbug is changing and evolving in real time.

"The more we treat huge gobs of animals with antibiotics and huge gobs of humans with antibiotics," he said, the greater the likelihood that relatively rare types of transmission will become more common.

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