Thread: High-Tech Border Patrol: New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels

High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels

The Department of Homeland Security says tunnels under the U.S.-Mexico border are proliferating as security is tightened aboveground. The solution? A sensor network that peers through dirt and rock. The technologies to build it are being developed with funding from the department’s advanced research wing. Here are the most promising contenders.

By Joe Pappalardo
Published in the February 2008 issue.

Ground Penetrating Radar
• How It's Done: GPR uses pulses of radio-frequency energy to see beneath the surface. In commercial use since the 1970s, it is today's standard for detecting voids such as caves and tunnels.
• Who's Working on It: GPR is widely used in quality-testing roads, and to find unmarked graves, locate utility lines, trace subsurface geology, sweep for mines and search archaeological sites.
• What the Limits Are: This method does not work well in moist mediums like clay and rarely penetrates deeper than 40 ft. Officials say that false alarms even at shallow depths waste time and money.


Seismic Waves
• How It's Done: The way that vibrations just under the surface change as they pass through rock and dirt provides details about what's below, and can show the presence of a tunnel.
• Who's Working on It: Researchers from the U.S. Army and Kansas Geological Survey in 2006 analyzed tunnel detection methods using seismic sensors in Kansas and along the U.S.-Mexico border in California.
• What the Limits Are: To create real-time detectors, more powerful imaging software must be developed to filter out the waves' reactions to natural and man-made noises, such as wind and highway traffic.


Electrical Resistivity
• How It's Done: Electrical currents can't leap across empty space at low voltages. Metal electrodes staked in the ground could form a remotely monitored system that would tell solid rock from a void.
• Who's Working on It: While refusing to disclose its customers, Advanced Geosciences staff say the company has been approached by governments, including the U.S., to learn more.
• What the Limits Are: A wide-ranging network would be expensive and would have to be hidden or disguised to avoid tampering.


Microgravity
• How It's Done: When underground soil is removed, it causes very subtle changes in the Earth's gravitational field. Lower gravity readings can indicate a tunnel.
• Who's Working on It: In 2006 Western Kentucky University researchers field-tested robots in Texas studded with microgravity sensors to promote the concept of a mobile, deployable system.
• What the Limits Are: Very high precision is required. The gravity differential for smuggling tunnels can be as slight as 10 microgals—measured against the Earth's field of 100 million microgals.


Cosmic Rays
• How It's Done: Muons are subatomic particles created by cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere. The number of them detected underground varies with the mass above: If there's a tunnel, more muons are found.
• Who's Working on It: Aside from a 1990 study by the U.S. Army, little research has been focused on this method. However, in 2006 a 12-year-old in San Diego converted two Geiger counters into a weak tunnel detector.
• What the Limits Are: A large number of costly detectors, buried beneath the probable paths of illicit tunnels, would be needed. (Small detectors find few muons and therefore have low resolutions.)


Reader Comments
6. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Well I think the human smuggling, drugs and weapons are likely all using these tunnels, we can guess at which is best, we need to start testing to see which is best is the bottom line.

5. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Why not just fill them with water? Want to know how big they are : Keep track of the volume.

4. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Well, Lord knows nobody would ever think of bringing anything other than drugs through those tunnels. I mean, islamofascist terrorists would never think to bring in components for bomb or anything. Border security is essential for the survival of the US.

3. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Well, Lord knows nobody would ever think of bringing anything other than drugs through those tunnels. I mean, islamofascist terrorists would never think to bring in components for bomb or anything. Border security is essential for the survival of the US.

2. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Seismic Waves seem the best bet. The technology is already mature. All we need is filtering software.

1. RE: High-Tech Border Patrol: 5 New Tricks to Find Smuggler Tunnels
Wow! Let's throw more money at the wasted effort of the drug war.

http://www.popularmechanics.com/technol ... 44235.html

How deep a trench would have to exist this side of the border to make it too difficult for them to use tunnels? Science is obviously not my thing, sorry.